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Science fiction film is a film genre that uses science fiction: speculative, fictional science-based depictions of phenomena that are not fully accepted by mainstream science, such as extraterrestrial life forms, alien worlds, extrasensory perception and time travel, along with futuristic elements such as spacecraft, robots, cyborgs, interstellar space travel or other technologies. Science fiction films have often been used to focus on political or social issues, and to explore philosophical issues like the human condition. In many cases, tropes derived from written science fiction may be used by filmmakers ignorant of or at best indifferent to the standards of scientific plausibility and plot logic to which written science fiction is traditionally held. The genre has existed since the early years of silent cinema, when Georges Melies' ''A Trip to the Moon'' (1902) employed trick photography effects. The next major example in the genre was the 1927 film ''Metropolis'' - being the first feature length science fiction movie.〔(SciFi Film History - Metropolis (1927) ) - ''Although the first science fiction film is generally agreed to be Georges Méliès' A Trip To The Moon (1902), Metropolis (1926) is the first feature length outing of the genre.'' (scififilmhistory.com, retrieved 15 May 2013)〕 From the 1930s to the 1950s, the genre consisted mainly of low-budget B-movies. After Stanley Kubrick's 1968 landmark ''2001: A Space Odyssey'', the science fiction film genre was taken more seriously. In the late 1970s, big-budget science fiction films filled with special effects became popular with audiences after the success of ''Star Wars'' and paved the way for the blockbuster hits of subsequent decades. ==Characteristics of the genre== According to Vivian Sobchack, an American cinema and media theorist and cultural critic: Science fiction film is ''a film genre which emphasizes actual, extrapolative, or speculative science and the empirical method, interacting in a social context with the lesser emphasized, but still present, transcendentalism of magic and religion, in an attempt to reconcile man with the unknown'' (Sobchack 63). This definition assumes that a continuum exists between (real-world) empiricism and (supernatural) transcendentalism, with science fiction film on the side of empiricism, and horror film and fantasy film on the side of transcendentalism. However, there are numerous well-known examples of science fiction horror films, epitomized by such pictures as ''Frankenstein'' and ''Alien''. The visual style of science fiction film can be characterized by a clash between alien and familiar images. This clash is implemented when alien images become familiar, as in ''A Clockwork Orange'', when the repetitions of the Korova Milkbar make the alien decor seem more familiar. As well, familiar images become alien, as in the films ''Repo Man'' and ''Liquid Sky''. For example, in ''Dr. Strangelove'', the distortion of the humans make the familiar images seem more alien.〔Sobchack (1997:170–174).〕 Finally, alien and familiar images are juxtaposed, as in ''The Deadly Mantis'', when a giant praying mantis is shown climbing the Washington Monument. Cultural theorist Scott Bukatman has proposed that science fiction film allows contemporary culture to witness an expression of the sublime, be it through exaggerated scale, apocalypse or transcendence. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「science fiction film」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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